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"Lunar Applications of a Spent S-IVB/IU stage (LASS)."
Support of lunar exploration missions is a major consideration in future space program planning. The spent Saturn v/S-IVB/IU can support both lunar - orbit and lunar -landing operations. This paper investigates lunar applications of the spent stage, and incorporates data generated during Company-funded studies. Investigated here is the feasibility of using a launch vehicle employing standard S-IC and S-I1 boost stages to deliver a modified S-IVB/IU and large discretionary payloads to a lunar orbit (LASSO) and/or the lunar surface (LASS). Operations in Earth orbit and direct-ascent trajectories are examined, and consideration is given to the use of the spent stage as a shelter in a manner similar to the presently planned Earth orbital workshop operations. Both the LASSO and LASS concepts are recommended for consideration in future lunar exploration plans. These concepts are capable of placing a gross wet weight of 101,400 lb in lunar orbit or landing 63,580 lb on the lunar surface respectively. The effective payload capability can be enhanced by proper integration of translunar mission subsystems with the subsystems required for lunar orbit or surface operations. The vehicles can be available within 3 years, with current-technology hardware sufficient for performing the missions described.; Douglas Paper No. 4256.