Photo of a Wardian case filled with orange trees and a elbowed funnel next to it.

A photo of a Wardian case with one of the tops removed. The orange trees were watered using the elbowed funnel through the small door on the side.

1913

U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library

“Roots of Imperial Botany: The Utilization of Wardian Cases and Botanic Gardens in Establishing British Economic Hegemony in the Victorian Era,” by Samuel Arnold, HON 399 Research in London, Spring 2024

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